Who to cultivate: A Study on the Transmutation of Primary School Language Education Goals in Curriculum Documents

Geng Fei

Abstract

Abstract: What kind of person is the root of education, embodies the essence of education and the direction of education, the goal of education can not be solved without specific courses and disciplines. In the most of this study is to characterize the programmatic document of the Chinese research curriculum standard (syllabus) as the basis, review the founding of new China in70 years of primary school Chinese curriculum to cultivate what people answer this question, the outline of a picture from "the curriculum itself" to "students", from "partial thought tool" to "instrumental humanistic organic integration", from "present life" to "future life" education picture. It is concluded that the pursuit of national characteristics, the exploration of complete personality and the prospect of new people are the internal evolution logic of primary school Chinese curriculum education.

Key words: Chinese course; Curriculum standards; Educational target

1. Raising the problem

B. Bloom for the first time in the history of pedagogy has developed "taxonomy of educational goals" as an innovative system for specifying educational goals^[1], and the solution to this problem should also be implemented in specific disciplines. The subject of Chinese has its own particularity. It not only carries the effectiveness of basic language tools such as listening, speaking, reading, and writing, but also has natural ideological and moral values. Primary school, as a basic stage for mastering the laws of language and writing and cultivating literacy skills, is a critical period for forging Chinese literacy and quality. The Chinese Curriculum Standard (Syllabus) is based on people’s concentrated understanding of Chinese education in a certain historical period. Based on this, it sorts out the historical changes of the primary school Chinese curriculum education goals since the founding of the people’s republic of China, and depicts the70 years of primary school Chinese curriculum education. The goal is to develop mirror images, hoping to make reference for better realization of the educational value of Chinese courses.

2. Research basis

Professional course is an important carrier to realize the educational goal of “three aspects of education”and help college students to construct the socialist core value system.^[2] Among them, the question of what kind of person to train is also described in detail and the requirements of talent quality are put forward. Therefore, this paper studies the primary school Chinese curriculum education goal is based on the Chinese curriculum documents, namely the primary school Chinese curriculum standards (teaching syllabus), in order to provide strong practical support for the final conclusion. This study selects12 primary school Chinese curriculum standards (syllabuses) as the analysis object, and takes the expression of educational goal in the curriculum standards as the observation point, and takes the70 years since the founding of New China as the time pedigree, aiming at analyzing the core problem of who should be cultivated in Chinese curriculum of primary school in China.

3. The transmutation prospect of education goal of Primary School Chinese curriculum

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the curriculum standards of primary school Chinese have experienced different stages in the change of time, and the "educational goal" of the curriculum standards in each stage has highlighted different characteristics. Taking time as the axis, and according to the evolution path of primary school Chinese curriculum standard (syllabus), this study divides the evolution of primary school education goal into three stages since1949, so as to clarify the education law of Chinese curriculum in different periods in China's primary school.

3.11950 --1963: Cultivating people with distinct ideological and political consciousness

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the question of what kind of people to train has become a serious proposition urgently to be solved in the courses of various disciplines. The educational goal of primary school Chinese curriculum emphasizes the ideological and political nature. The primary school Chinese curriculum at this stage emphasizes the cultivation of people with distinct revolutionary political consciousness. During the period from the founding of New China to the reform and opening up, due to the influence of the "Cultural Revolution" and the special cultural attributes of Chinese, Chinese inevitably assumed the role of a political tool.

3.21978 --1999: Cultivate people with both knowledge ability and moral accomplishment

After1978, the order of education was gradually restored. At this stage, the answer to the question of "who to cultivate" in primary School Chinese curriculum shows the tendency of the two-way unification of the instrumentality and the ideological nature. The educational orientation of Chinese curriculum in primary schools consists of two dimensions: the goal of knowledge ability and the goal of moral accomplishment.

After the reform and opening up, the value of Chinese education in primary schools has become richer and richer. In terms of knowledge dimension, it not only cultivates people with language knowledge ability, but also a "perfect person" with good thinking and logic ability, rich observation and imagination as well as good aesthetic interest, which perfectly implements the basic function and ultimate orientation of curriculum standard -- education. In terms of moral goals, primary school Chinese is devoted to cultivating people who recognize the socialist system and the socialist motherland, who love and inherit the great national spirit, and who should have good personal cultivation and moral quality.

3.32001–present: Training the people needed by the future society

The educational goal of Chinese curriculum in primary schools in the new century is also adapting to the changes and requirements of the new era, and its vision and pattern are broader and higher. The primary school Chinese curriculum in the21st century should cultivate people who not only focus on the present, but also have sound personality and Chinese literacy. It can also be more future-oriented, that is, cultivate people who can adapt to the future society and have national characteristics.

The educational modernization goal is to create a mechanism for the sustainable development of the education system.^[3] The evolution of the education goal of Chinese curriculum in primary schools represents the social expectation and demand for talents. Through the analysis, it can be concluded that the primary school Chinese has adjusted and responded positively to the challenge of cultivating new talents. The cultivation of talents pays more attention to the future society and lifelong development, and the performance of Chinese as an ideological and political tool is gradually weakened. In terms of cultivating students' essential character and key ability, it is no longer just simple knowledge and skills and basic moral character. The goal of educating students is turning to social emotion and social ability, and it is committed to cultivating more complete individual students to cope with the complex and changeable future society. Therefore, the people trained by primary school Chinese in this stage are the people needed by the future society, and the goal of education begins to be based on the development of students' subjectivity and lifelong development.

4. Research conclusions and enlightenment

Since the founding of new China70 years ago, Chinese curriculum as a comprehensive and practical basic subject, with the growth and development of new China, the adjustment and enrichment of the curriculum itself is also full of meaning of change. The answer of primary School Chinese curriculum to the question of "who to cultivate" has realized the exploration and growth road from "curriculum itself" to "individual students", from "single" to "compound", from "present" to "future". If the purpose of education is to enable the student to appear as a subject, plurality becomes an important prerequisite in education.^[5] On the whole, the exploration of the question of who to nurture has been enriched, showing the characteristics of integrity, stability and science. Specifically, the internal evolution logic of who to cultivate is as follows.

4.1 The pursuit of national characteristics for educational goals

The primary or basic goal is the continuous pursuit of national characteristics, which is mainly reflected in patriotism and socialist morality. The descriptions of "communist morality", "cultivating patriotism spirit" and "strengthening socialist faith" in the Chinese curriculum standard (syllabus) of primary schools reflect the establishment and guarantee of the national characteristics of the people they cultivate. Primary school Chinese undertakes the great mission of cultivating and carrying forward the national spirit and strengthening patriotism, and its thought tool function has also been given full play.

4.2 Education goal to explore the integrity of personality

The rapid development of the society calls for a complete personality, and the primary school Chinese curriculum pays more attention to the individual growth of students in terms of education, aiming to help students become real subjects through the subject of Chinese curriculum. The teaching content, classroom organization, situation and educational target of primary School Chinese curriculum should all point to individual development, only in this way can the educational function of curriculum be truly implemented. The "three-dimensional objective" in the compulsory education curriculum standard in2001 emphasizes the attention to children's learning experience and emotional changes, which reflects that the educational goal of Chinese curriculum increasingly focuses on the overall and comprehensive development of students. From this point of view, the educational goal of primary school Chinese curriculum is to cultivate the comprehensive quality and complete personality that future social citizens should have.

4.3 The prospect of educational goals for new people of The Times

"The fundamental requirement of the curriculum of primary and secondary schools is to promote the socialization of the new generation and make them the main body of the society.^[8] Primary school Chinese, as the basic stage of compulsory education, has an unavoidable responsibility and arduous mission to promote the socialization of a new generation of children. The primary school Chinese curriculum points to the future society and cultivates talents in line with the spirit of The Times and lifelong development. Research on Core Literacy of Student Development in the21st Century, published in2016, clearly points out the essential character and key ability that students should possess to adapt to lifelong development. Chinese curriculum standards in2011 also indicate that "to lay a foundation for lifelong development of students"^[9]. It can be seen that the education goal of Primary School Chinese curriculum is consistent with the national education goal.

Finally, the answer to the question of "who should be cultivated" in the Chinese curriculum of primary schools not only points to human development, that is, the goal is to cultivate students' values, key abilities and essential characters, but also points to the future society, that is, the goal is political life, social progress and lifelong development. Primary school Chinese curriculum educational target in70 also increasingly rich connotation in the time change, vision is becoming more and more wide, from the initial political tool of the one-sided emphasis on language performance to the ideological content and instrumental two-dimensional cultivation, improve and perfect the pick up and pay attention to the individual students, and the new talents in the new century should possess the ability of literacy made real answer. With the progress and development of The Times, primary school Chinese subject will face more challenges in education and will surely get further development. How to better realize the value of education and how to play a role in the future of primary school Chinese curriculum is expected to provide reference for the majority of education researchers and trigger more thinking.

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