Instructions for Authors:

The Editorial Office accepts submissions in both Chinese and English; however, all manuscripts must include the title, author(s), author affiliation(s), province and city, postal code, abstract, and keywords in both Chinese and English. Submissions should reflect the latest research advances and findings in the relevant academic field both domestically and internationally. Manuscripts must adhere to the principles of scientific validity, practical applicability, and originality, featuring a title consistent with the content, prominent themes, well-defined arguments, substantial supporting evidence, reliable data, clear organization, and concise, standardized language. Specific requirements are as follows:

1.Manuscript Structure

Part 1: (Bilingual Chinese and English) Title, author(s), author affiliation(s), province and city, postal code, abstract, and keywords

Part 2: Main text, including Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion

Part 3: References, Funding, Author Biography, and Mailing Address

Manuscripts (including figures, tables, formulas, and references) should ideally contain 5,000–8,000 words.

2. Title, Abstract, and Keywords

The title should be concise, generally not exceeding 30 words/characters, and accurately reflect the main content of the article.

The abstract should consist of four parts: Objective, Methods, Results, and Conclusion, with approximately 300 words for the Chinese abstract and 600–800 words for the English abstract.

Keywords: 3–5 keywords (in both Chinese and English).

3. Main Text

The main text is the core part of the manuscript and should be substantial in content, logical in structure, and standard in presentation.

Please use statutory units of measurement, standard symbols, and standardized, normalized terminology and nomenclature.

Section headings must be numbered consecutively using Arabic numerals, separated by periods between different levels, with no punctuation after the final digit (e.g., Level 1 heading: "1", Level 2 heading: "1.1", Level 3 heading: "1.1.1").

Numbering should be flush left. When a heading is present, leave one space after the number before the heading title, and start the specific content on a new line. When there is no heading title, leave one space after the number and write the content directly.

Tables should have bilingual titles in Chinese and English, such as "表1. …… (Table 1. ……)". They must be scientifically designed, concise, and clear; standard three-line tables should be used without vertical rules.

Figures must all be labeled with bilingual titles in Chinese and English, such as "图1. …… (Figure 1. ……)". Figure titles should be placed below the figures, forming a cohesive visual unit.

Tables and figures must be numbered consecutively using Arabic numerals (e.g., Table 1, Table 2, Table 3; Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3). Any Chinese text or numerical labels within figures should be positioned above the figure caption.

In-text citations must be consistent throughout the manuscript, using superscript numbers in square brackets placed at the upper right corner of the closing sentence, with Arabic numerals in half-width square brackets (e.g., "...mode[3]"). Citations must not appear in section headings. When citations need to be elaborated within running text, citation numbers should be placed in-line in square brackets separated by commas, such as "References [1, 2, 6, 9] have elucidated from different perspectives..."

Unless otherwise specified, Arabic numerals are generally used. Years must be written with 4 digits. For decimals, numbers less than 1 should generally have a 0 before the decimal point. However, for specific values that cannot exceed 1 (e.g., correlation coefficients, proportions, p-values), the leading zero before the decimal point should be omitted (e.g., r = .26, p < .05).

For statistical symbols, all statistical symbols must be italicized (except for μ, α, β, λ, ε, and V), such as ANCOVA, ANOVA, MANOVA, N, n, M, SD, F, p, r.

Notes are supplementary explanations of specific terms or newly introduced concepts in the paper. Either footnotes or endnotes may be used. If footnotes are chosen, a thin divider line should separate the note from the main text, with the line length not exceeding one-third of the page width. If multiple notes appear on the same page, they should be numbered sequentially. Note identifiers should be superscript numbers (e.g., "①, ②") placed at the upper right corner of the annotated term. The numbers of the footnotes or endnotes must correspond to the superscript numbers in the form of "①, ②".

Abbreviations should follow standardized or conventional forms established by authoritative organizations or academic societies in the field. Do not use uncommon, non-standard abbreviations, or those coined by the author that are not readily understood by peer reviewers and readers. Acronyms must be fully defined upon their first appearance. Both Chinese and English abbreviations must remain consistent throughout the text.

4. References

1.Every entry in the reference list must be cited in the main text with its corresponding reference number. In-text reference numbers should be marked in-line at the end of the cited content.

2.References must be primary sources that the author has read and that contribute directly to the manuscript; details must be verified against original sources. Unpublished materials cannot be cited as references.

3.The reference list is placed after the main text, arranged in ascending order according to their appearance in the text.

4.Reference numbers should be flush left, indicated by numbers in square brackets matching the in-text citations (e.g., [1], [2]...). Each reference entry must end with a period (".").

5.Punctuation marks in references must be written in English half-width characters, and the font should be Times New Roman.

6.All bibliographic elements in each reference entry must be complete.

7.English journal names and conference proceedings must be written in full titles.

8.The formatting rules for various types of references are as follows:

(1) Journals

Chinese Journals:

[No.] Author, et al. Article Title [J]. Journal Name, Year, Volume(Issue): Page numbers.

[1] 高景德, 王祥珩. 交流电机的多回路理论[J]. 清华大学学报, 1987, 27(1): 1-8.

(Complete)

[1] 高景德, 王祥珩. 交流电机的多回路理论[J]. 清华大学学报, 1987(1): 1-8.

(Without volume number)

English Journals:

[No.] Author (Year) Article Title. Journal Name, Volume, Page numbers.

[1] Malik, A.S., Boyko, O., Atkar, N. and Young, W.F. (2001) A Comparative Study of MR Imaging Profile of Titanium Pedicle Screws. Acta Radiologica, 42, 291-293.

(2) Books

Chinese Books:

[No.] Author. Book Title [M]. Edition (omit 1st edition). Translator. Place of Publication: Publisher, Publication Year: Page numbers.

[1] 竺可桢. 物理学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1973: 1-3.

[2] 霍夫斯基, 主编. 禽病学: 下册[M]. 第7版. 胡祥壁, 等, 译. 北京: 农业出版社, 1981: 7-9.

English Books:

Author (Publication Year) Book Title. Edition (omit 1st edition), Publisher, Place of Publication.

[1] Wit, E. and McClure, J. (2004) Statistics for Microarrays: Design, Analysis, and Inference. 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, 5-18.

(3) Dissertations and Theses

Chinese:

[No.] Author. Title [D]: [Master's or Doctoral Dissertation]. Location: Degree-granting Institution, Year.

[1] 张竹生. 微分半动力系统的不变集[D]: [博士学位论文]. 北京: 北京大学数学系, 1983.

English:

[1] Giambastiani, B.M.S. (2007) Evoluzione Idrologica ed Idrogeologica della Pineta di San Vitale (Ravenna). Ph.D. Thesis, Bologna University, Bologna.

(4) Patents

Chinese:

[No.] Patent Applicant. Patent Title [P]. Country, Patent Type, Patent Number. Publication Date.

[1] 姜锡洲. 一种温热外敷药制备方法[P]. 中国专利, 881056073. 1989-07-26.

English:

[No.] Inventor (Year) Patent Title. Patent Number.

[1] Wright, O. and Wright, W. (1906) Flying-Machine. US Patent No. 821393.

(5) Standards

Chinese:

[No.] Drafting Body. Standard Code. Standard Serial Number-Year of Publication. Standard Title [S]. Place of Publication: Publisher, Publication Year.

Example:

[1] 全国文献工作标准化技术委员会第六分委员会. CB6447-S6文摘编写规则[S]. 北京: 标准出版社, 1986.

(6) Electronic Resources

Chinese:

[No.] Author. Title. Document Type Identifier [EB/OL]. URL or Source, Update/Access Date.

[1] 中华人民共和国国土资源部. 页岩气: 打开中国能源勘探开发新局面[EB/OL].

http://www.mlr.gov.cn/xwdt/jrxw/201201/t20120109_1056142.htm, 2012-01-09.

English:

[No.] Author (Access Year) Article Title. URL [Maintain hyperlinks. If the line is too long, use a forced line break to wrap to the next line]

[1] Wikipedia (2013) Quantum Entanglement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglement

5. Funding, Author Biography, and Mailing Address

Funding: [Project Category], Project Title: XXXXXX (Project/Grant No.: xxx)

Example: Funding: Chongqing Higher Vocational Education Teaching Reform Research Project, Project Title: Practice and Research on Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education for Higher Vocational Students under the "Creation-Competition-Curriculum Integration" Mode (Grant No.: Z213147)

Author Biography Format: Name (Birth Year.Month–), Gender, Ethnicity, Native Place (specify province and city without including the Chinese characters for "province" or "city"), Educational Background, Position/Professional Title, Research Interests: xxxx.

Example: Author Biography: Wang Lei (1981.6–), Male, Han ethnicity, native of Handan, Hebei, Bachelor's degree, Assistant Engineer, Research Interests: Urban rail transit.

Mailing Address: Province -- City -- District (County) (Town) Street Name and Number, Recipient Name, Telephone Number: XXXX ---- Required to be complete and detailed.

Copyright and Ethical Liability:

Upon manuscript submission, authors must not submit the manuscript elsewhere. The Editorial Office will respond to the author within one week regarding manuscript acceptance. The author shall assume full and independent legal liability for any copyright disputes, plagiarism, or infringement of rights, and this journal shall bear no joint liability.

Electronic Manuscript Format:

Manuscripts must be submitted in Microsoft Word format via the online submission system.