Education is about what kind of people emerge from cultivation and how they are cultivated，As the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and other relevant departments attach importance to the level of school education, deepen education reform, truly carry out "Five Education" at the same time, take school education as the main channel for building morality and cultivating people, shift the focus of school work to students, carry out after-school services, improve teaching methods, and implement the fundamental problem of building morality and cultivating people, It is an important measure to implement the educational policy of the party and the state and promote all-round development

一、The background of after-school service in primary schools under the background of "double reduction"

Based on the current social development and educational reform, the analysis of after-school service demand in primary schools focuses on social development and changes in family structure, changes in educational concepts, policy guidance and low quality of after-school service institutions

1、The change of policy system

With the deepening and development of basic education reform, the "three and a half problems" of urban primary and secondary schools after school have become the focus of common concern of society, education and other circles. The reply of the Ministry of education to recommendation No.3927 of the fourth session of the12th National People's Congress issued by the Ministry of education at the end of July2016 clarified the reality of carrying out in school trusteeship. In February2017, the Ministry of Education issued the guidance on doing a good job in after-school service in primary and secondary schools, which specifies the concept, content, form and funding source of after-school service in the form of documents for the first time. In July2021, the general office of the CPC Central Committee and the general office of the State Council issued the opinions on further reducing the homework burden and after-school training burden of students in the stage of compulsory education, which stressed that to improve the after-school service level and meet the diversified needs of students, efforts should be made in terms of service time, quality and channels

In recent years, the formulation and implementation of the burden reduction policy and the development of after-school service activities in primary and secondary schools have become two important measures of basic education reform. Under the strong advocacy and implementation of national policies, provinces and cities have responded positively and formulated after-school service plans suitable for local details according to local conditions, basically forming a unified school planning, strict class review, parents' independent application The after-school service mechanism of students' voluntary participation and social collaborative participation has also formulated detailed plans in terms of after-school service content, mode, personnel participation, security mechanism and so on. The "3:30 problem" of local schools after school has been alleviated

2、The current situation of heavy academic burden on primary and middle school students

With the popularization of higher education, many parents are eager for their children's success. They generally use the methods of early education and subject counseling to grasp them from primary schools, resulting in an increase in students' learning and too much academic pressure. Some teachers are forced by the pressure of enrollment indicators, follow incorrect educational ideas and assign a lot of homework, which is an aggravation of students' academic burden to a certain extent. In the long run, not only students are suffering, parents are helpless, but teachers are also under pressure

In educational practice, the problem of heavy academic burden on primary and middle school students has a long history. The survey results of the2018 survey report on burden reduction of primary and secondary school students show that there are generally too heavy academic burden in all grades, students lack sleep, and most students participate in extracurricular discipline counseling classes. The specific manifestations are as follows: Students' lack of sleep, short time for recreational and sports activities, many types of homework, large amount of homework, many examination subjects, difficult content, and students' make-up time continues to lengthen. In the long run, students' learning passion retreats, their innovation ability stagnates, and their comprehensive quality is difficult to develop in an all-round way, which seriously threatens students' physical and mental health.

From1949 to2021, the Ministry of Education issued more than ten "burden reduction orders" in the form of special documents. There were also many documents on burden reduction by local education departments, and there were more than100 policies related to burden reduction. Under such concern and attention, it is thought-provoking that this problem remains unsolved. Throughout the country, Beijing, Shanghai and other places have tried to put forward solutions to the problem of excessive academic burden on local students, but many attempts mostly stay in policy documents and have not been really implemented.

3、Transformation of family education concept

The family is the initial socialized place for children. As the basic paradigm of family education, parents participate in educational reform in their unique way. The needs of families and parents constantly put forward new requirements for school education. Parents're understanding of education leads to a strong demand for children's after-school services

With the acceleration of urbanization, the family structure has changed to some extent. Different family backgrounds, family socio-economic status and other family factors have led to changes in parents' demand for education. The number of double working families in China is increasing. Parents are busy at work and have no time to take into account their children's life safety and health, learning and development after school Problems have also plagued most Chinese families; Influenced by their own quality and living habits, parents' future knowledge and experience can not meet the needs of their children's development to a certain extent. In the stage of compulsory education, pupils' awareness of independent development is relatively weak and their dependence on their parents is strong. Parents' educational ideas, rearing methods and educational practice on their children's studies will affect their children's learning behavior. Previously, because of the deviation of educational ideas, most parents competed for high-quality resources, agreed with the mainstream social values and unilaterally pursued the enrollment rate, which prompted families to make individual choices: parents paid too much attention to academic achievements and put too much pressure on their children's studies. In recent years, parents have gradually deepened their understanding of education. Education is not only related to their children's academic performance, but also affects their children's physical and mental health and diversity development

4、Off campus trusteeship institutions are mixed

Under the spontaneous mediation of the market, according to its scale, form, service content and resource allocation, the current off campus trusteeship institution class mainly focuses on the following two types: the first is a strong discipline counseling institution, which is the earliest trusteeship mode, and can provide targeted and high-quality discipline counseling services according to the needs of parents, with high fees. Parents choose subject counseling classes for utilitarian purposes, hoping to improve students' performance through subject counseling; The second is the homework counseling and caring trusteeship institution, which provides simple homework counseling services, mainly focusing on students' homework counseling after school, taking into account pick-up and care of students, and the cost is relatively low; It is a good choice for parents

It is not difficult to see that different after-school trusteeship institutions have different operation systems, mostly for the purpose of profit, the professional qualifications of employees are different, and the service quality and effect are mixed. In the context of the popularity of entering a higher school, the educational contents of these off campus trusteeship institutions are complex, and the teaching methods are mainly teaching, indoctrination and repeated practice, which violates the educational law, resulting in an increase in the pressure on students' schoolwork after leaving school. At present, from the perspective of self-interest, many training institutions carry out teaching beyond the outline in order to seize the source of students, impact the school education order and affect the education and teaching activities of normal schools, which is very unfavorable to the growth and development of students, cause the worries of parents, the public and other social groups, and call on public schools to provide after-school services

二、The value of after-school service in primary schools under the background of "double reduction"

After school service is an effective arrangement and utilization of primary school students' after-school time. It is an important measure to implement the fundamental task of the party and the state, promote students' healthy and all-round development, and pursue educational fairness and justice. Excavating the value of primary school after-school service system is conducive to formulating and optimizing primary and secondary school after-school service policies in various regions, promoting the establishment and improvement of school after-school service mechanism, integrating the needs of all walks of life, coordinating social resources and promoting the formation of joint forces of after-school service

Implement the fundamental task of "Building Morality and cultivating people". The new era has given the primary school a new social role and distinctive characteristics of the times. The practice of compulsory education has gradually changed from "teaching" to "educating people". The development of "after-school service" has prompted the school to provide students with professional educational services and ensure their safety, solve the worries that parents can't take over their children, and make the primary school professional Multiple roles such as publicity and service.

Focus on student development. The starting point and foothold of educational reform and development are to promote the development of students. The most direct beneficiaries of after-school service are students. Following the law of education and the law of students' physical and mental development, the development of after-school service activities with diversified forms and contents can reduce students' extracurricular learning burden and academic pressure to a certain extent, expand the ways of students' development, and make students' healthy and all-round development possible.

The inevitable choice of pursuing educational equity. After class service objects "give priority to the protection of groups in urgent need of service such as left behind children and the children of migrant workers in cities". In terms of students' growth opportunities, the development of after-school services provides different students with service content suitable for their own development, and ensures that each child enjoys equal learning and growth opportunities after class to a certain extent. The school organizes and carries out after-school service activities, innovates service contents and forms, and provides high-quality educational services for students from families of vulnerable groups. The school gives full play to its educational advantages, integrates the resources of communities, social groups, education and training institutions and other institutions, and students share resources and grow together, To a certain extent, narrow the gap of learning resources brought to students by family economic differences.

The school constructs the after-school service system according to its own characteristics, locates the position of the after-school service system in the whole school education system, ensures that the after-school service is based on the healthy and all-round development of students on the basis of meeting the needs of all walks of life, and determines the meaning of the after-school service system in promoting educational equity.