课程改革与实践
Journal of Curriculum Reform and Practice
- 主办单位:東方陽光出版社有限公司
- ISSN:3080-8189(P)
- ISSN:3080-8197(O)
- 期刊分类:教育科学
- 出版周期:月刊
- 投稿量:0
- 浏览量:148
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中小学应急疏散实战化的实践研究——以四川天府新区第十小学为例
Practical Research on the Practicalization of Emergency Evacuation in Primary and Secondary Schools —A Case Study of the 10th Primary School of Tianfu New Area, Sichuan
发布时间：2026-07-13
作者: 李伟 ,何谷 ,王创 :四川天府新区第十小学校 四川成都; LI Wei ,HE Gu ,WANG Chuang :The 10th Primary School of Tianfu New Area, Sichuan, Chengdu;
摘要: 当前我国中小学应急疏散演练普遍存在形式化困境，难以真正提升师生的应急素养。本研究以四川天府新区第十小学为行动研究场域，整合情境学习、体验式学习、危机管理与行为改变的国内研究成果，构建了知识、技能、心理、行为四维的 “K-S-P-B” 演练效果评估体系，通过为期 5 个月的两轮行动研究循环，在实践中迭代优化演练策略，探索从形式化走向实战化的改进路径。研究发现，通过实施三级预案优化、“半盲演→全盲演” 模式创新、学段差异化设计、家校社协同保障与评估闭环机制，学校师生的应急素养得到显著提升：平均疏散速度从 0.80m/s 提升至1.05m/s 规范避险动作完成率从 41.3% 提升至 64.2%，低年级学生恐慌度从 52.3% 降至 32.1%，综合演练效果得分从 58.5 分提升至 74.2 分。本研究形成了一套可复制的实战化演练操作体系，为破解中小学演练形式化问题提供了实践样本，也为区域校园安全教育的提质增效提供了实证依据。
Abstract: At present, emergency evacuation drills in primary and secondary schools across China are generally plagued by formalization, which fails to effectively improve teachers’ and students’ emergency literacy. Taking the 10th Primary School of Tianfu New Area, Sichuan as the field of action research, this study integrates domestic research findings on situated learning, experiential learning, crisis management and behavior change, and constructs a four-dimensional "K-S-P-B" evaluation system for drill effectiveness covering knowledge, skills, psychology and behavior. Through two rounds of action research cycles over five months, the study iteratively optimized evacuation drill strategies in practice and explored an improvement path shifting from formalized drills to practical ones. The research results show that the implementation of three-level emergency plan optimization, the innovative drill mode from semi-blind drills to full-blind drills, differentiated design for different school stages, home-school-community collaborative support and a closed-loop evaluation mechanism has significantly enhanced teachers’ and students’ emergency literacy. Specifically, the average evacuation speed increased from 0.80m/s to 1.05m/s, the completion rate of standardized risk avoidance actions rose from 41.3% to 64.2%, the panic level of lower-grade students dropped from 52.3% to 32.1%, and the comprehensive drill performance score increased from 58.5 to 74.2. This study establishes a replicable practical operation system for emergency evacuation drills, provides a practical reference for solving the formalization dilemma of emergency drills in primary and secondary schools, and offers empirical evidence for the quality improvement of campus safety education at the regional level.
关键词: 应急疏散演练；中小学安全教育；校园安全
Keywords: emergency evacuation drill; primary and secondary school safety education; campus safety