当代文学评论
Contemporary Literary Criticism
- 主办单位:東方陽光出版社有限公司
- ISSN:3104-560X(P)
- ISSN:3104-5618(O)
- 期刊分类:文学艺术
- 出版周期:月刊
- 投稿量:0
- 浏览量:150
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游离与创造——从《丈夫》《山鬼》看沈从文“乡下人”的身份认同困境
Drift and Creation —Shen Congwen’s Identity Crisis as a "countryman" as Seen in The Husband and The Mountain Ghost
发布时间：2026-07-15
作者: 李文佳 :上海师范大学人文学院 上海; LI Wenjia :School of Humanities, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai;
摘要: 在现代文学作家中，沈从文常常以“鉴赏人类生活与自然现象”为生的“乡下人”自况。以此为观照点，“对都市上流社会的厌恶和对下层人民道德的讴歌，构成其作品感情的基本走向”。在《丈夫》等都市批判小说中，沈从文对现代化进程中的都市、城里人奉行的价值观表现出鲜明的抵触态度；而在书写故土湘西的小说《山鬼》中，沈从文塑造了无法融入乡土社会中的“癫子”这一形象。“癫子”与沈从文本人形成了微妙的对应，在某种程度上显示出沈从文的复杂处境。在此意义上，沈从文既无法认同现代化的都市，又与乡土社会存在隔阂，其身份陷入一种游离的状态。身份认同的困境促使沈从文将生命情感投身于理想文学世界的创造，最终实现自身的美学理想，完成对困境的超越。
Abstract: Among modern literary writers, Shen Congwen often described himself as a "countryman" who made a living by "appreciating human life and natural phenomena" . From this perspective, "his aversion to the urban upper class and his praise for the morality of the lower classes constitute the fundamental emotional trajectory of his works". In urban-critical novels such as The Husband, Shen Congwen expressed a stark opposition to the cities and the values espoused by urban dwellers during the process of modernization; whereas in The Mountain Ghost, a novel set in his native Western Hunan, he created the character of "Dianzi", a man unable to integrate into rural society. "Dianzi" forms a subtle parallel with Shen Congwen himself, revealing to some extent the author’s complex predicament. In this sense, Shen Congwen could neither identify with the modern city nor connect with rural society, leaving his identity in a state of drift. This dilemma of identity compelled Shen Congwen to channel his life’s emotions into the creation of an ideal literary world, ultimately realizing his own aesthetic ideals and transcending his predicament.
关键词: 沈从文；“乡下人”；身份认同；《丈夫》；《山鬼》
Keywords: Shen Congwen; countryman; identity; The Husband; The Mountain Ghost