金融与风险管理
Finance and Risk Management
- 主办单位:東方陽光出版社有限公司
- ISSN:3080-9320(P)
- ISSN:3080-9339(O)
- 期刊分类:经济管理
- 出版周期:月刊
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国际直接投资如何促进国家宏观经济增长
How Does International Direct Investment Promote National Macroeconomic Growth
发布时间：2026-07-21
作者: 楚力铭 ,钟星东 :云南财经大学 云南昆明; CHU Liming ,ZHONG Xingdong :Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming;
摘要: 国际直接投资（FDI）作为全球化经济的重要组成部分，对国家宏观经济增长起到了关键作用。本文围绕FDI如何促进国家宏观经济增长展开研究，探讨其通过技术溢出、资本积累、就业增长、产业升级和外贸拓展等机制推动经济发展的路径。同时，本文分析了政策环境、市场规模、基础设施和人力资本等关键影响因素，阐述了不同发展阶段国家在利用FDI促进经济增长过程中的差异性表现。研究表明，FDI不仅显著提升了东道国的生产力和国际竞争力，还通过多渠道促进经济可持续增长。然而，FDI也可能带来本地企业竞争压力、利润外流等挑战。为此，本文提出政策建议，包括优化投资环境、加强FDI与本地企业协同、推动绿色投资等，为国家更好地利用FDI实现宏观经济增长提供参考。
Abstract: As a vital component of the global economy, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a pivotal role in driving national macroeconomic growth. This study examines how FDI fuels economic expansion by exploring its mechanisms—including technology spillovers, capital accumulation, employment creation, industrial upgrading, and trade expansion. It also analyzes key influencing factors such as policy frameworks, market size, infrastructure, and human capital, highlighting variations in how countries at different developmental stages leverage FDI for growth. The research demonstrates that FDI not only significantly enhances host countries' productivity and international competitiveness but also promotes sustainable economic growth through multiple channels. However, it may also pose challenges like increased competition pressure on local firms and profit outflows. To address these issues, the paper proposes policy recommendations—including optimizing investment environments, strengthening collaboration between FDI and domestic enterprises, and advancing green investments—to help nations more effectively utilize FDI for macroeconomic development.
关键词: 国际直接投资（FDI）；宏观经济增长；技术溢出；资本积累；政策优化
Keywords: international direct investment (FDI); macroeconomic growth; technology spillover; capital accumulation; policy optimization