课程改革与实践
Journal of Curriculum Reform and Practice
- Publisher:Eastern Sunshine Publishing House Limited
- ISSN Print:3080-8189(P)
- ISSN Online:3080-8197(O)
- Subject Category:Educational Sciences
- Publication Frequency:Monthly
- Submissions:0
- Views:212
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平衡即运行——理想变压器原线圈电压与感应电动势相等性的物理诠释
Balance is Operation —A Physical Interpretation of the Equality Between Primary Coil Voltage and Induced EMF in an Ideal Transformer
Published: 2026-09-01
Author: 赵琴 :四川省绵阳实验高级中学 四川绵阳; ZHAO Qin :Mianyang Experimental Senior High School of Sichuan Province, Mianyang;
Chinese Abstract: 理想变压器原线圈输入电压与感应电动势相等，是高中物理教学中既基础又易产生困惑的核心问题。本文从教科版教材的定性解释入手，借助基尔霍夫电压定律与法拉第电磁感应定律，论证了该相等性是理想化条件下电路方程约束的必然结果，而非经验事实。进一步从大学物理视角，运用动态平衡与负反馈思想揭示了“相等何以可能”的深层机制：系统通过励磁电流的瞬时自我调节，使铁芯磁通变化率精确锁定于外加电压。这种“相等”不是静态数值的偶合，而是一种动态稳定的运行状态，体现了物理理想模型中约束与自由、平衡与动态的辩证统一。
Abstract: In an ideal transformer, the input voltage of the primary coil equals the induced electromotive force, a fundamental yet often perplexing core issue in high school physics teaching. This paper begins with the qualitative explanation from the textbook, then employs Kirchhoff's voltage law and Faraday's electromagnetic induction law to demonstrate that this equality is an inevitable result of circuit equations under idealized conditions, rather than an empirical fact. Further, from the perspective of university physics, it reveals the underlying mechanism of "why the equality is possible" through the concepts of dynamic equilibrium and negative feedback: the system instantaneously self-regulates the excitation current, precisely locking the magnetic flux change rate of the core to the applied voltage. This "equality" is not a static numerical coincidence but a dynamically stable operating state, embodying the dialectical unity of constraints and freedom, balance and dynamics in physical ideal models.
Chinese Keywords: 理想变压器；感应电动势；基尔霍夫电压定律；动态平衡；负反馈
Keywords: ideal transformer; induced electromotive force; Kirchhoff's voltage law; dynamic equilibrium; negative feedback