当代文学评论
Contemporary Literary Criticism
- Publisher:Eastern Sunshine Publishing House Limited
- ISSN Print:3104-560X(P)
- ISSN Online:3104-5618(O)
- Subject Category:Literature & Arts
- Publication Frequency:Monthly
- Submissions:0
- Views:284
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构式“X得不行”和“X到不行”对比研究
A Comparative Study of the Construction "X de buxing" and "X dao buxing"
Published: 2026-09-22
Author: 杨运晟 :三峡大学文学与传媒学院 湖北宜昌; YANG Yunsheng :School of Literature and Media, China Three Gorges University, Yichang;
Chinese Abstract: 本文对比分析“X得不行”与“X到不行”两个主观极量构式。二者句法功能一致，构件“X”选择类同，但补语标记功能有差异：“得”高度虚化，构式侧重对状态的静态描摹与直接评价，语义明确且适用语体广泛；“到”保留动词特性，隐含状态/动作渐至极限的动态累积过程，具画面感与情感渲染力，活跃于口语及网络语境。“不行”均虚化为程度标记，作为判断构式成立的重要标准。语义语用上，前者重共时性评价，后者重历时性动态体验，形成互补。另外，“X到不行”受“X得不行”模因类推影响，二者与新兴“X个不行”逐步构成主观极量构式网络，反映语言认知、语用需求及语法系统的互动，展现现代汉语程度表达的丰富性。
Abstract: This paper provides a comparative analysis of the two subjective degree constructions "X de buxing" and "X dao buxing." Although they share identical syntactic functions and similar choices for the constituent "X," they differ significantly in complement markers: "de" is highly grammaticalized, emphasizing static depiction and direct evaluation of states, with clear semantics and broad stylistic applicability; "dao," retaining verb-like characteristics, implies a dynamic accumulation process leading to an extreme state or action, offering vivid imagery and emotional resonance, and is prevalent in spoken and online contexts. In both cases, "buxing" has become grammaticalized as a degree marker, serving as a crucial criterion for the formation of these constructions. Semantically and pragmatically, the former focuses on synchronic evaluation, while the latter emphasizes diachronic dynamic experience, thus complementing each other. Moreover, "X dao buxing" has been influenced by the memetic analogy of "X de buxing," and together with the emerging construction "X ge buxing," the three gradually form a network of subjective degree constructions, reflecting the interaction among linguistic cognition, pragmatic needs, and grammatical systems, and illustrating the richness of degree expression in modern Chinese.
Chinese Keywords: 主观极量；补语标记；“得”；“到”；“不行”
Keywords: subjective maximum; complement marker; "de"; "dao"; "buxing"